Some Genre

The genre of my media text is of course, a periodical local newspaper. This encompasses a variety of conventions, most of which would be different to both international and national papers. This is mainly because local newspapers have specific content, filtered according to geographical location of the target audience, for example a Bristol paper would only report Bristol news for people who live in or near Bristol.

It wouldn't report anything about international celebrities, it wouldn't really discuss national political debates, the focus would be on anything happening in the vicinity of Bristol, or whatever region or city a local paper is based in. It's debates would be whether a new office block should be built instead of a new park, it would follow local celebs such as Banksy or Justin Lee Colins, perhaps even celebrate Isambard Kingdom Brunel or The Wurzels. People like Keira Knightley, Cheryl Cole or Johnny Depp wouldn't matter unless they visited Bristol for work or an event.

Of course, I can choose to keep or subvert conventions depending on how I want my paper to be, for example I wouldn't take up ten pages describing the top television picks for that evening, because I have more important things to put into those ten pages, such as letters from the readers or reviews of local events. People might not to choose the paper because of its ideology, but its likely that other than people with a particular political bias, the readers are going to be mass because the paper will include lots of little niche stories. For example, athletic people or males would look at sport stories, anyone with a family will look at a school related story.

Conventions of a print advert

Print adverts usually contain one or more of these features; one key image; logo; tagline; puns; contact information and colour scheme. In my adverts for the newspaper, most of these conventions are adhered to.

This has several conventions used within it, for example the pun - "Need Filling In?" works on multiple levels. It refers to actually needing some DIY done on the house and it refers to catching up on all of the local news stories. Additionally, I've deliberately left a gap before the contact information is given, as this implies that the gap needs 'filling in'. Contact details for a handy man are obligatory as obviously, without them no one will know how to get the service if they want it. The picture adds interest and is relevant to the advert as it is obviously a builder's tool. The colour scheme is blue and white because I wanted something fairly simple for this as it is easier on the eye.

I felt that having a fun, community based ad would be important in creating more verisimilitude in my local newspaper. Obviously there is a main image of the fireworks which I created in photoshop. The overlaying text states the information the reader needs clearly. I chose white for the text so that it would show up well on the black background. I felt that the font had a rebellious 'rocker' feel to it, which matches with the Guy Fawkes plot against parliament/ bonfire night. The colour theme is purple, black and white which seems simple in words, but I wanted it to stand out so that the 'event' would get publicity.

This ad isn't actually in the paper as I couldn't find enough space to fit it in. I also felt that the two adverts above were enough. There is a key image which connotes rehabilitation and relaxation and I felt that making the practitioner a doctor would make the advert seem more credible. Also, the paper would support alternate therapies  due to the nature of its ideology. My audience research indicated that these tree types of ad - practical, event and holistic therapy were the most popular and noticed adverts. These adverts aren't very glamourous, and are also typical of a local, low budget newspaper, rather than a magazine or national newspaper for example;

(Older) simple and practical advert page

Instead of;

A glamourous car - status symbol

A state of the art mobile - care free escapism

A more elaborate form of advertising
It makes you look twice and keep the image in
your mind

See the difference? However, that's okay as it is a local newspaper convention. And although the more glamourous adverts conform to more conventions, it doesn't matter as the product or thing that they're trying to advertise is completely different. I did not try to go for a complicated or elaborate technique of advertising as some adverts (See Virgin Media Radio advert above). However, I have tried to modernise my adverts a little through more contemporary design than line after line of serif text.

Font

For my practical production, I will need to decide on a font. Often, fonts are broken down into two catogories; serif and sans serif. For instance...



Sans-serif (Arial)

 




Serif (Century Schoolbook)

'Sans' is a French word meaning 'without', therefore sans-serif means that it is without the little curls or feet. It is generally belived that serif fonts are used to make reading the text more easily, whether that be for a magazine, book or newspaper article. Sans-serif are usually used on a website so it strains the eyes less. For my production, I am hoping to use a combination of these, I will be most likely to use serif more often, perhaps for articles, and then maybe sans serif for adverts. For the masthead I'm hoping to use a fairly unique font (perhaps taken from dafont.com) in order to make my publication stand out a bit more, despite conventions, as I feel this would attract more readers. Additionally, I may want to create a more individual newspaper rather than being too conventional, of course I'm still generating ideas and may change this.

My chosen fonts are: Futura
                                  Georgia
                                  Geneva

Colour Scheme

The colour scheme will be important, as you have seen, when I was analysing some newspaper logos I had associated the colours with different things. This is what my audience will also do.

________________________________________________
Red is the colour of fire, blood, danger, love, energy, strength, power, determination, passion and desire. It is very emotially intense and has high visiblity, it normally brings text and images to the foreground.

Variations include;

Light red represents joy, sexuality, passion, sensitivity, and love.
Pink signifies romance, love, and friendship. It denotes feminine qualities and passiveness.
Dark red is associated with vigor, willpower, rage, anger, leadership, courage, longing, malice, and wrath.
Brown suggests stability and denotes masculine qualities.
Reddish-brown is associated with harvest and fall
_______________________________________________

Orange is a warm colour associated with joy, sunshine, tropics and the exotic. It often, but does not always, represent enthusiasm, facination, creativity, happiness, sucess and encouragement. This also has quite high visibilty when used.

Dark orange can mean deceit and distrust.
Red-orange corresponds to desire, sexual passion, pleasure, domination, aggression, and thirst for action.
Gold evokes the feeling of prestige. The meaning of gold is illumination, wisdom, and wealth. Gold often symbolizes high quality.

_______________________________________________
Yellow is quite difficult to see against a white background, especially when the text is narrow. When used appropriatley, however it is quite eye catching. It is associated with happiness, intellect and energy. It can also be associated with negative things, for example, warning signs or cowardice.

Dull (dingy) yellow represents caution, decay, sickness, and jealousy.
Light yellow is associated with intellect, freshness, and joy.

________________________________________________
Green is usually thought of as the colour of nature. It connotes freshness, growth, harmony, a novice, saftey and money. It is not s eye catching as many other colours but is normally pleasing to look at.

Dark green is associated with ambition, greed, and jealousy.
Yellow-green can indicate sickness, cowardice, discord, and jealousy.
Aqua is associated with emotional healing and protection.
Olive green is the traditional color of peace.
________________________________________________
Blue is often associated with depth and stability, appropriate, because it is the colour of the sky and the sea. It symbolised trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, health, tranquility, masculinity, intelligence and truth.


Light blue is associated with health, healing, tranquility, understanding, and softness.
Dark blue represents knowledge, power, integrity, and seriousness.
_________________________________________________
Purple is associated with royalty, power, intelligence, nobility, luxury, and ambition, wealth, extravagance, wisdom, dignity, independence, creativity, mystery, and magic. Purple is a rare colour in nature and is sometimes seen as artificial.


Light purple evokes romantic and nostalgic feelings.
Deep purple evokes gloom and sad feelings. It can cause frustration.
_________________________________________________
White is associated with light, goodness, innocence, purity, perfection, coolness and cleanliness, modernity and technology. A variation of this could be grey. I am unlikely to use this colour except on the paper though :P
_________________________________________________
Black is often associated with power, elegance, formality, death, evil, and mystery. This is my most likely colour as it has easy visibility and fits in with the conventions of format.




My chosen colours are;


Purple as it is associated with intelligence, wisdom, creativity and independence, which matches with the ideology of my paper, olive green because it is associated with nature and peace, black as it is a useful basic colour and has easy visibility.

Findings from Interviews



A screen shot of the email to a non-newspaper reader



I was originally just going to hand people questionnaires but in some cases it seemed easier to just talk to people. I also conducted a few interviews and sent questions out through email to a couple of people. I got some varied answers between each category of interviewee (non newspaper and newspaper readers) however, participants within the category had similar answers, especially the non-newspaper readers... the interviews for them weren't as successful as I would have hoped. Here, I'm going to present the responses from each participant and analyse them.

Questions for those who read newspapers

1. Which newspapers do you tend to read, national or local?

Popular national papers: Independent, Daily Mail, Express

Popular local papers: The Spark, The Big Issue, The Mercury, The Evening Post

These answers indicate that people enjoy more intelligent papers, and that the Mercury and the Evening Post are read because they need to know what is going on near them, rather than for a comprehensive read. Perhaps there is a gap in the market for intelligent LOCAL papers.

2. How much of it do you read?

Most stated that they read everything apart from sports. One person stated that they particularly like the gardening and human rights pieces in The Spark.

This supports the idea that the audience for a paper is a mass demographic, and that there are little niches depending on factors such as gender, social standing, views, age, et cetera. The fact that somebody enjoys The Spark, a local ecologically concerned paper should influence some of my decisions when planning my paper.

3. Which papers would you never read?

Popular answers: The Sun, The Telegraph, Portishead People, The News of the World

Simply put; people don't like these papers, most likely from political standing and the type of journalism, we've already seen that most of the interviewees are mid to left wing. Additionally, over the recent phone hacking scandal, the whole of News International has been shut down, either this is a joke or they genuinely don't want to read it anymore after finding out the details of their journalism. Alternately, they may never had read it before anyway.

4. Which supplements do you enjoy?

Sunday Times supplement - especially fashion and home (this was from a female interviewee, so gender is obviously a contributing factor the this), additionally, they stated that they don't really look at local supplements except for the jobs or trading sections.

From my research, it seems that the Sunday Times has a very large span of coverage and that a lot of information is included in it, also, as it is a broadsheet, we can assume it had intelligent content. From the fact that they only look at certain things in the local paper, that there isn't much to interest them. Additionally, if looking at jobs, they either don't have a completely stable job already, that they're changing jobs, or that they have children who are looking for part time work. Looking at the trading section shows that they like a bargain, that they might be looking for a new car (indicating wealth OR good organisation for the future), or that they need a service, such as tuition or a white van man.

5. Which ads do you enjoy?

Ethical companies, holistic therapy groups, recreational groups, e.g - yoga. People also stated that ads for tuition, events and home help (for example - plasterers), were helpful.

This is a direct mirror of the participants' interests and needs.

6. Have you ever written any letters to the paper?

None of the respondents had ever written a letter to the paper. One did state however, that she may have sent one a long time ago, and one more interviewee said she thought about sending one about the state of schools and also the state of the police force.

This tells us that the ones who sent letters are either conscientious,  or like making a fuss about nothing. Most likely the former.

7.  Have you ever taken action about something because of a feature in the newspaper?

Most said no. Two stated that they had, one of them had written a letter to her MP about banning pesticides because of the dying bees. Another signed several petitions against Bio-Fuels.

Again, the two that had taken action are probably quite conscientious and care about the environment. Those who said no may have not been concerned, or they may not have found any articles about action against global warming or something similar.

8. How often do you buy/read newspapers?

Most stated national newspapers were bought and read twice a month, once or twice a week, local newspapers were also read. Most people stated that they could just go on the internet or, more commonly, watch the news.

9. What is the ideal price for a newspaper?

Most people stated under 50p, one participant said anything up to £2.

10.  Have you ever sent photos, ads or puzzle results in to a paper?

One had sent a photo, two had sent puzzle results and several others stated that they have sent birthday greetings or obituaries. The rest said that they had never sent anything.

11. What type of layouts do you prefer?

Many said simple and not crowded, but with enough text to read. People also said that they liked it if the paper had colour, rather than being just black and white.

This will have a direct influence on my own paper

12. How much interaction do you have with your paper? For example, do you ever go on their website?

Most had not had very much interaction with their paper, most stated they would only go online if they needed to check the news or if there were something important or interesting to view, such as a petition.
Two participants stated that if there were a phone app then they would use that.

13.  What would you want to see in a paper?

Top answers were; intelligence, humour, decent cartoons, a good layout.

14. What kind of ideology would you want a newspaper to have?

Answers include; honesty, integrity, open political views, not being bias to any one party, left wing views

15. Tell me some of your views.

The general consensus is that politicians are dishonest. Other answers include; liking the Green Party, that the government needs to take charge of stopping global warming and also focusing on our country before helping others. One person stated that immigration here should be similar to the points system in Australia.

16. Do you feel that there is a paper with the same views as you? Is there a gap in the market?

Most said yes and some claimed that The Independent was representative. Some said no, and that there is a gap in the market for a younger demographic.

Newspaper Masthead Logo

A logo is the graphic element of a brand which is set in a particular typeface, or arranged in a particluar, yet legible way, designed specifically for that brand. The logo should have elements in it which are defined by the content of the newspaper. For example, The Independent, a left wing paper, has a bird flying away and a serious looking font. This connotes freedom, intelligence and suggests some of the brand's ideology. The Scotsman has a picture of a thistle, which is Scotland's national symblol. Another (and a more local) example is the ship on the Evening Post. This is integral to the brand's identity as it is based in the Bristol area, a place famous for its docks and trade ships. Furthermore, the title also contributes to what people associate with that paper, some are more abstracted and others are more simple and straightfoward. If the logo is distinct and unique then the audience will be able to recognise it more eaily, and the brand's identity will come to mind more readily.

Here, the logo is fairly simple. The font is serif and thus, easy to read. However, it is slightly bolded, creating a friendlier look and appeals to a mass audience. This is appropriate as the Mercury is distrubuted across Somerset, as shown in a smaller font size above, leaving the main focus on the name. The red is reminicent of tabloid papers, perhaps connoting that it has some similarites with this type of paper, for example, the size of the paper or aspects of 'tabloid journalism'. Mercury is also a planet and a chemical, suggesting that it is 'foreseeing' or suggesting that the news in inevitable. This then suggests that the paper's publishers views their paper highly.

This paper looks slightly more serious than the above due to the less rounded serif font. The red, again, is reminisent of tabloid papers. The title here is farily straightfoward as it is often picked up by commuters.

The title is logical as this paper is often picked up on trains or buses by its readers, suggesting that they are busy and are partaking in the metropolitan lifestyle. The text used is fairly bold, simple and in capitals to catch the reader's eye. Blue and white combined are often associated with the Metropolitan police force, suggesting that the ideology of the paper includes a large moral standing.

This paper is a tabloid and so the red is appropriate and easily catches the eye of a potential audience member, this can be associated with its sensationalist stories as they are often used to make a noisy statement. The font is bold and easy to read, connoting simple content. The title suggests that the publsihers belive their paper is integral to their readers lives, that they need it to live, worship it perhaps, like the actual Sun.

The font here is narrow serif and suggests that the paper has more intelligent content. The black is simple, sleek and modern, connoting that the paper does not conform to traditionalist/authroitarian views. The bird suggests freedom and the title itself suggests the importance of the individual.

This font is rather elaborate, yet formal at the same time. The lack of colour adds modernity and minimalism, which is perhaps what the readers want, along with some more traditional values. It stands out because of this.

Conventions of Newspaper Articles

Usually, articles are laid out in order of importance, for example, crime stories are often at the front as they may affect more people and they need to be known about, whereas school stories are often more towards the middle/back as less people are likely to care about them. This is also the same within the article, more important information is toward the start of the story and the less important pieces of information towards the end. This is often known as the inverted pyramid, a metaphor often used by journalists/writers. Other ways of writing articles are also used, including the anecdotal lead and the question & answer.

The headline is designed to be eye catching (in formatting) and summarise the story in a few words, for example 'Crazed Killer Caught.' It normally is in present tense and leaves a few words out so that it is not a complete sentence. In more lighthearted pieces, a pun is often used to intrigue and amuse the reader.

The byline is the name and sometimes the title of the reporter. In most publications, the byline is awarded only if the reporter has done a substantial amount of the preparation. The byline either comes at the start or the end of the article, this is usually determined by the layout. If in another country, then the byline will also include the reporters location.

 

The lead paragraph provides another summary of the article so the reader can decide whether they want to read it, or if they do not have enough time to read the entire thing. It will usually attempt to answer 5 key questions; Who, What, When, Where, Why and How? Usually, lead paragraphs are written in bold or have a larger letter on the first word.

Body of the article is basically, the rest of the article. This is normally presented in short paragraphs. Even here, more vital information will come first, it is assumed that many readers will abandon the piece before they finish reading it. Direct and indirect quotations are often used so the reader can hear the 'voice of the witness', this is because people are more likely to enjoy the article if they can identify with one of the personas. Sometimes an article may just be an entire interview with somebody, usually they are successful or famous.

The tail of the article is often included toward the end of an article to add extra, general information.

Additions are often used to provide context/background for the readers to understand the story more fully. This can be shown in a pull, which is information given in a box or frame, often formatted differently from the rest of the article. Despite being useful, these are more commonly used in magazines. In contrast to this, however, with the availability of modern technology, newspapers are beginning to use more features of magazines.

Page Analysis

This page analysis will help me to decide the main conventions of a local newspaper and which I will use and which I will subvert in the practical production of my paper.

Interview Questions For those who don't read newspapers

1. Why don't you read newspapers?

2. If you did read them, what would you tend to read?

3. Again, if you were a reader, what would you definitely not read?

4. What would make you buy and read a newspaper? For example, would it be layout, price or a headline?

5. What do you think the ideal price would be for a newspaper if you were to read one?

6. What would you want to see included in a newspaper?

7. What kind of ideology (views) would you want the newspaper's producers to have? E.g - right wing politics, morals et.c.

8. Do you feel there is a newspaper that would appeal to you by having the same ideology as you

9. What sort of layout would you prefer? For example, traditional and simple or modern and bright.

10. What are your views? e.g - politics

Interview Questions

The following will be my basis for the interviews I will be carrying out with my potential target audience/ the local newspaper readers;

1. Which local newspaper would you say you buy/read the most? Why?
2. How much of the content do you read?
3. Which stories do you read first, for example, crime stories?
4. What features do you never read?
5. Do you look at the supplements, for example, the job supplement or Bristol's next top model?
6. Which advertisements interest you?
7. Have you ever written a letter to the newspaper and if yes what was it about?
8. Would you ever write to the newspaper and what would you write about?
9. Have you ever acted upon anything in the newspaper, for example, a promotion for a charity event or a protest?
10. How often do you buy or read newspapers?
11. Have you ever sent a photo to a newspaper?
12. Have you ever been in the newspaper or involved in one of the stories?
13. What do you think the ideal price of a newspaper should be?
14. What sort of layout would you prefer? For example, traditional and simple or modern and bright.
15. Do you think that the readers should be able to interact or have a say in what the newspaper puts into the content?
16. If so, how?
17. What would you want to see included in a newspaper?

18. What kind of ideology (views) would you want the newspaper's producers to have? E.g - right wing politics, morals et.c.

19. Do you feel there is a newspaper that would appeal to you by having the same ideology as you?

20. What are your views? e.g - politics

 

I may not include some of these questions due to time/ relevance and I may ask their ages and genders. I will also be changing some of the questions, or perhaps creating a new set of questions for those who do not read newspapers in order to gauge how some new readers of a publication would be gained. In the evaluation I will be using some of the same people to look at my products and comment on them.

Note - The audience research is due in on the 11th July.

Newspaper Audience

The audience of a newspaper would be specific to what newspaper it is and the content, generally. More specifically, the audience depends on what story it is, for example, if a sports story, then the audience will probably be niche, defined by their gender or interest. For a school related story it would niche again, probbably a parent or governor, and so on... Therefore, if a newspaper is made up of lots of different niche stories and features, then on a whole, an entire, general newspaper would appeal to a mass audience.

But how do the mass audience choose a specific paper to read, a favourite?

Well, it is normally based on the newspapers' publishers' ideology and political views, as this generally affects the content, for example, a broadsheet, such as The Independent is more likely to be left wing, although they may not have assigned themselves to a particular party. A local newspaper would be more bias towards the smaller representatives of a party, for example, Liam Fox, a member of the Conservative party. If the paper has similar views to themselves, the individual will tend to buy and read that newspaper as opposed to one that has opinions they disagree with. Age will also affect the audience of a newspaper. Young people and children would generally feel more at home with magazines and wouldn't think about touching a newspaper, whereas those in their late teens and early 20s will be beginning to read papers,  i, a compact paper would be ideal for this. The emergence of new technology has also has an impact on the younger audiences nhot reading newspapers as much as older audiences, instead they turn to the internet or the television for news.

Papers such as The Spark or The Big Issue tend to attract more of an alternative audience, mainly because of the human rights/ eco friendly type vibe, more commonly associated with left wing politics or perhaps, no politics. These papers, The Big Issue in particular, tend to be shunned by the more conventional adult, as the way it works (street vendors, usually immigrants, buy copies of the paper off of the publishers and sell them back to the public) may not be understood, or may be thought of as 'cheap' or 'charity'. Perhaps they cannot be considered a paper to some individuals, due to their subversions of newspaper conventions.A middle-aged conventional adult would be more likley to go for something like The Mercury or The Evening Post. Of course, many people may just need an update, and choose a random paper on the go, not thinking about its publisher's ideology at all.




The Big Issue



Weekly and Daily Newspapers et. cetera

Daily newspapers are issued every day, occasionally with the exception of Sundays and some national holidays. Saturday and Sunday editions of daily newspapers are often larger, include specialized sections, inserts, and always cost more. Usually, most of these newspapers' staff work on weekdays, so the Sunday and Monday editions depend on either content done in advance or that is syndicated. Almost all daily newspapers are published in the morning, whilst evening papers are aimed at commuters. 

Weekly newspapers are much more common and are often smaller than daily papers. There also are some newspapers that are published twice or three times a week. In the US, such newspapers are classified as weeklies anyway.

Most nations have at least one national newspaper. In the UK, there are many national newspapers, including The Independent, The Times, The Guardian, The Observer, The Daily Mail, The Sun and The Daily Mirror. In the US and Canada, there are few national newspapers, the exceptions are The Wall Street Journal and USA Today in the US and The National Post in Canada. 

Many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions in order to appeal to a wider audience. In places such as Jerusalem and Bombay, newspapers are printed to English-speaking public, for both local and national. The Internet has allowed non-English papers to give out smaller English version to give their newspaper a global reach. There is also a minuscule group of papers which might be described as international newspapers.

Job titles in the newspaper industry vary. In the US, the overall manager of the paper — sometimes also the owner — may be termed the publisher. This much less common outside of the U.S, where the person responsible for content is usually referred to as the editor. Variations on this title are common.

Although most newspapers are aimed at a mass audience, often geographically defined, some focus on  readers defined by their interests. More specialist papers are usually monthly or weekly, usually free and are distributed throughout limited areas.

Papers usually refine ads and news stories using zoning and editioning. Zoning is when advertising and editorial content change to reflect the area to which the product is delivered. The editorial content often may change merely to reflect changes in advertising or may contain region-specific news. In instances, the advertising may not change from one zone to another, but there will be region-specific editorial content.

Market Research

Our deadline for our secondary and primary audience research is the 11th July which gives me around three weeks, therefore I thought I'd get stuck in with both audience and other research. Firstly I'll be finding out the different types of newspaper, e.g - tabloid or broadsheet et.c and then what kind of audiences they attract. I will then look at what the similarities are with these types of papers and regular local publications, and what audience they attract.

Alternative Newspapers


These generally abandon comprehensive and detailed news stories in favour of stylised reporting, opinionated reviews and columns, investigations into controversial topics and magazine type feature stories highlighting people and culture. Their newspaper coverage is locally based and is aimed at a generally younger audience than regular newspapers. They are often printed in tabloid format on newsprint, although some create their own formats. Other names include alternative weekly and alternative newsweekly as the vast majority circulate on a weekly schedule. These are generally found in urban areas and small urban areas. Many of these are either free or very cheap, earning most of their revenue through advertising. These would be read by several different races and both genders. Despite some similarities with English papers, these are generally produced in America.

i, a daily English newspaper could be considered as alternative as it contains a news matrix, which is when news is condensed, and was designed for people with not enough time to read bigger newspapers. This newspaper costs 20 pence and has some younger audiences, very much like an alternative newspaper, rather than a local newspaper, which generally have a middle aged audience in areas such a Portishead. Note how the red theme and small size is consistent with a tabloid, however the layout is slightly different. This paper could be classified as a tabloid because of the size, however it contains intelligent stories combined with other typically tabloid journalism, such as celebrity news. However, because of the intelligent stories, it would probably refer to itself, and be referred to as a compact newspaper, this is expected as it was created by the same people who produce The Independent.

Example of i

Tabloid Newspaper

Tabloid journalism consists of sensational crime stories, celebrities, gossip, T.V and astrology. The stories on celebs are often very negative. These types of papers are often frowned upon although some respectable newspapers such as The Times also use tabloid format. This demonstrates that audience often base their opinions on content rather than just layout when choosing their newspaper and will read the headlines, for example. The term tabloid has become almost synonymous with down market, therefore many newspapers of the same size are referred to as compact. Compact is one type of tabloid, not associated with tabloid journalism, whereas red top (another type) IS associated with tabloid journalism. As red top tabloids are downmarket, the audience is expected to have below average intelligence, this is suggested by the easily absorbable stories. Perhaps they are on the right wing side of politics, a member of the BNP, the stories are normally influenced by political standing. It is also possible they have an authoritarian personality. This type of personality includes traditional morals/values, this would reflect in being economical with the truth, the sensationalist stories and The Sun's scantily clad models. Red top grammar and vocabulary tend to be simple and straightforward and the layout often gives prominence to the picture.

Example of tabloid covers

Broadsheet


This type is the largest of any format and is characterised by long vertical pages. The original purpose of these types were to post royal proclamations, events, acts and other official notices. Eventually people began using them as a form of political activism by reprinting speeches, ballads or songs, originally performed by bards. Taking this history into account, logically, the modern broadsheets are considered to be more intellectual, using their greater size to cover stories in more detail, whilst carrying less sensationalist and celebrity material. This distinction often shows on the front page, tabloids, for example, have one big headline, whilst broadsheets often have several smaller stories with the most important stories above the fold. Popular newspapers in this genre, in the UK include The Independent and The Guardian.

Berliner


This format is bigger than tabloid/compact format but smaller than broadsheet. This format is more commonly used in European and American newspapers and originated in the city of Berlin. However there have only been a couple in Great Britain. These generally have the same sort of content as a Broadsheet and are often politically based.

Mini Photo Analysis

There are several types of photographs in a newspaper including posed, action (which is not posed) and the photos sent by either a professional or amateur photographer. In my own publication I will need to take all of the photographs myself, rather than using ones from other sources, for example, photobucket.

This photo is evidently posed and matches the story below it.
The composition has been made in order to summarise or suggest what the story is about. If looking at this picture without the headline or story I would say it was a school related piece to do with the recent academy debates in the UK.
Also I would say that it was most likely to be positive news because the 'models' are smiling
Note - I have blurred out the faces in this so nobody recognises the 'models'

In contrast to the previous, this was taken as the action was happening.
This kind of shot is normally used for a review or for a story that has not been completely planned, for example a riot. Additionally, this type of shot would often be used for crime related stories, for example when a person involved is giving a public statement during, before or after a court case.